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Professor Carol Kellogg
Office: Meliora 186, x5-4801
Office Hours: After class or by appointment
e-mail: kellogg@bcs.rochester.edu
Web: http://www.bcs.rochester.edu/courses/243.index.html
Workshop Leader: Yana Vaks
e-mail: yv001i@mail.rochester.edu
Course Intent:
This course is intended to introduce you to the field of neurochemistry. Basic neurochemistry includes study of the chemical composition of the brain, brain metabolism and the chemistry of neurotransmission. Methodological development over the latter part of the 20th century has allowed investigation down to nuclear levels. About half of the course will cover the chemistry of neural transmission and a quarter will cover chemical composition and metabolism. The discipline of behavioral neurochemistry includes topics that range from study of the neurochemical mechanisms that underlie normal behavior to behavioral sequellae that result from severe neurochemical abnormalities. These issues will be considered in the final quarter of the course in a unit designated as functional neurochemistry. However, throughout the course, the functional aspects of all neurochemical mechanisms will be discussed. An introductory knowledge of biochemistry will be helpful in understanding the material presented. NSC 201 is a prerequisite for this course.
Texts:
No single text satisfactorily covers all the material included in this course. Chapters will be assigned from the following books, all of which are on 2-hr. reserve at Carlson Library.
Basic Neurochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. Sixth Edition. Siegel, G.J., Agranoff, B.W., Albers, R.W., Fisher, S.K., Uhler, M.D. (eds.), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. Twenty-four of the 54 chapters in this book have been assigned. You might want to purchase this book.
Neurobiology of Mental Illness, Charney, D.S., Nestler, E.J., Bunney, B.S. (eds.), Oxford University Press, 1999. Nine chapters in this book have been assigned.
The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology, Seventh Edition, Cooper, J.R., Bloom, F.E., Roth, R.H., Oxford University Press, 1996. Three chapters in this book have been assigned and three others suggested.
Other readings will be assigned and placed on electronic reserve and in Carlson Library.
Examinations:
The course is arranged into four units. An in-class exam
will be given at the end of each of the first three units. A take-home
exam will cover the fourth unit. The take-home exam questions will
be handed out at the last class period and the exam will be due on the
day that the final exam for the course is scheduled. Each exam will
account for 25% of your final grade. The in-class exams involve data analysis
and interpretation. The take-home exam will be an essay format and
the answers will require integration of diverse material.
Course Schedule and Assigned Readings
* Additional Readings, On Reserve, Carlson Library and electonic reserve
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| September 3 | Overview of the Course.
An historical introduction to neurochemistry |
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| PART ONE: General and Macromolecular Neurochemistry | ||
| September 5 | Brain Regulation of its Chemical Environment | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 32 |
| September 10 | Carbohydrate Utilization and Energy Metabolism | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 31 |
| September 12 | Proteins in the Brain | *Tobin, A.J. (1994) Gene expression in the mammalian nervous system.
In. Seigel, et al., Basic Neurochemistry, Fifth Edition, Ch. 24,
pp. 493-513
Charney, et al., Ch. 6; Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 26 |
| September 17 | Lipids: Multiple Roles | Siegel, et. al, Sixth Edition, Ch. 2,3 |
| September 19 | Calcium: Sculptor and Destroyer of Cells | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 23 |
| September 24 | Molecular Factors in Neuronal Death | Siegel, et. al, Sixth Edition, Ch. 19 and 34, pp.722-728 (Free radicals)
*Mattson, M.P. (1998) Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: Roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity. Trends in Neurosci., 21: 53-57 *Leist, M. & Nicotera, P. (1998) Apoptosis, excitotoxicity, and neuropathology. Exp. Cell Research, 289: 183-201 *Beal, M.F. (2000) Energetics in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends in Neuroscience, 23:298-304. |
| September 26 | EXAM ONE | |
| PART TWO: Transmitter Neurochemistry: Presynaptic Mechanisms | ||
| October 1 | Acetylcholine | Cooper, et. a l., Ch. 7; Siegel et. al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 10 |
| October 3 | Catecholamines | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 12
Also, extensive coverage can be found in Cooper, et. al., Chs. 8,9 |
| October 8 | Serotonin | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 13 (or Cooper, et al., Ch. 10) |
| October 10 | Amino Acids | Cooper, et al., Ch. 6
Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Chs. 15,16 |
| October 15 | Peptides and Transmitter coexistence | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 18; Cooper, et al., Ch. 11
*Furness, J.B., Morris, J.L., Gibbins, I.L., Costa, M. (1989) Chemical Coding of Neurons and Plurichemical Transmission. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 29:298-306. |
| October 17 | Other Messengers | Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Chs. 17, 49 |
| October 22 | EXAM TWO | |
| PART THREE: Synaptic Neurochemistry: Postsynaptic Mechanisms | ||
| October 24 | Receptors: Overview and Recognition Site Identification | Charney, et al., Ch. 4
Cooper, et al., Ch. 4 |
| October 29 | Receptor-Effector Mechanisms: Ligand-gated Ion Channels | Review receptor coverage in Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Chs. 11, 15, 16 |
| October 31 | Receptor-Effector Mechanisms: Second Messenger Systems | Siegel et al., Chs. 20, 21, 22
Review receptor coverage in chapters on various neurotransmitters |
| November 5 | Importance of Phosphorylation to Brain Function | Siegel et al, Sixth Edition, Chs. 24, 25 |
| November 7 | Nonsynaptic Roles for Neurotransmitters | *Weiss, E.R., Maness, P., Lauder, J.M. (1998) Why do neurotransmitters
act like growth factors? Perspectives on Develop. Neurobiol.,
5: 323-336.
*Dreyfus, C.F. (1998) Neurotransmitters and neurotrophins collaborate to influence brain development. Perspectives on Develop. Neurobiol., 5: 389-400. *Barker, J.L. et al. (1998) GABAergic cells and signals in CNS development. Perspectives on Develop. Neurobiol., 5 305-322. |
| November 12 | EXAM THREE | |
| PART FOUR: Functional Neurochemistry | ||
| November 14 | Neurochemical Aspects of Neuroplasticity | Charney et al., Ch. 5
Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Ch 50 |
| November 19 | Neural Mechanisms of Adaptive Responses | Charney, et al., Ch. 36
Review, Bear, et al., Neuroscience, Ch. 15, pp. 496-512 (text for NSC 201) *McEwen, B.S. and Magarinos, A.M. (1997). Stress effects on morphology and function of the hippocampus. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 821:271-284. |
| November 21 | Neurochemical Aspects of Major Psychiatric Disorders I: Schizophrenia, a disorder of altered connectivity? | Charney, et al., Chs. 18, 19
Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Chs. 51 |
| November 26 | Neurochemical Aspects of Major Psychiatric Disorders II: Mood disorders, disorders of second messenger dysfunction? | Charney, et al., Ch. 26
Siegel, et al., Ch. 52 |
| November 28 | Thanksgiving Recess | |
| December 3 | Sex-specific aspects of neural function | *Breedlove, S.M., Cooke, B.M., Jordan, C.L. (1999). The orthodox
view of brain sexual differentiation. Brain, Behav. Evol., 54: 8-14.
*Pilgrim, C., Hutchson, J.B. (1994). Developmental regulation of sex differences in the brain: Can the role of gonadal steroids be redefined? Neuroscience, 60: 843-855. McCarthy, M.M., Auger, A.P., Perrot-Sinal, T.S. (2002). Getting excited about GABA and sex differences in the brain. Trends in Neurosci., 25: 307-312. |
| December 5 | Neurochemical Aspects of Substance Abuse Disorders | Charney, et al., Chs. 40, 41
Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Ch. 53 |
| December 10 | Neurochemistry of motor functions | Siegel et al., Ch. 45
*Lozano, A.M. et al. (1998) New developments in understanding the etiology of ParkinsonŐs disease and in its treatment. Curr. Opionion Neurobiol., 8:783-790. *Cattaneo, E., Rigamonti, D., Goffredo, D., Zuccato, C. Squitieri, F., Sipione, S., (2001) Loss of normal huntington function: new developments in HuntingtonŐs disease research, Trends in Neurosci., 24: 182-188. |
| December 12 | Video: MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease; Hand out final exam | |
| December 19 | Final Take-Home Exam Due by 4:00 pm |
Workshop Schedule
Workshop Leader: Yana Vaks
Workshops will be held usually on Monday or Wednesday evenings in Meliora
127, time to be arranged
Workshop 1: Week of September 16
Workshop 2: Week of September 23
Workshop 3: Week of October 7 (preferable after Oct. 8)
Workshop 4: Week of October 16
Workshop 5: Week of October 28 (Wed., Oct. 30.)
Workshop 6: Week of November 6
Workshop 7: Wednesday, December 9
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Last modified: 8/29/2002
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