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| Professor Carol Kellogg | |
| Office: Meliora 186, x5-4801 | Office Hours: After class or by appointment |
| e-mail: kellogg@bcs.rochester.edu | |
| Web: http://www.bcs.rochester.edu/courses/243.index.html | |
| Workshop Leader: | Dan Lioy |
| e-mail: dl005i@mail.rochester.edu |
Course Intent:
This course is intended to introduce you to the field of neurochemistry. Basic neurochemistry includes study of the chemical composition of the brain, brain metabolism and the chemistry of neurotransmission. Methodological development over the latter part of the 20th century has allowed investigation down to nuclear levels. About half of the course will cover the chemistry of neural transmission and a quarter will cover chemical composition and metabolism. The discipline of behavioral neurochemistry includes topics that range from study of the neurochemical mechanisms that underlie normal behavior to behavioral sequellae that result from severe neurochemical abnormalities. These issues will be considered in the final quarter of the course in a unit designated as functional neurochemistry. However, throughout the course, the functional aspects of all neurochemical mechanisms will be discussed. An introductory knowledge of biochemistry will be helpful in understanding the material presented. NSC 201 is a prerequisite for this course.
Texts:
No single text satisfactorily covers all the material included in this course. Chapters will be assigned from the following books, all of which are on 2-hr. reserve at Carlson Library.
Basic Neurochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. Sixth Edition. Siegel, G.J., Agranoff, B.W., Albers, R.W., Fisher, S.K., Uhler, M.D. (eds.), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. Twenty-five of the 54 chapters in this book have been assigned. You might want to purchase this book.
Neurobiology of Mental Illness, Charney, D.S., Nestler, E.J., Bunney, B.S. (eds.), Oxford University Press, 1999. Eight chapters in this book have been assigned.
The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology, Seventh Edition, Cooper, J.R., Bloom, F.E., Roth, R.H., Oxford University Press, 1996. Four chapters in this book have been assigned as primary reading and three others suggested.
Additional readings have been assigned and will be placed on electronic reserve.
Examinations:
The course is arranged into four units. An in-class exam will be given at the end of each of the first three units. A take-home exam will cover the fourth unit. Problem analysis workshops will be held for each unit. The take-home exam questions will be handed out at the last class period and the exam will be due on the day that the final exam for the course is scheduled. Each exam will account for 25% of your final grade. The in-class exams involve data analysis and interpretation. The take-home exam will be an essay format and the answers will require integration of diverse material.
| Sept 2: |
Overview of the Course. An historical introduction to neurochemistry | |
| PART ONE: General and Macromolecular Neurochemistry | ||
| Sept 4: | Regulating the Brain Microenvironment |
Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 32 *Wolburg, H. and Lippoldt, A. (2002). Tight junctions of the blood brain barrier: Development, composition and regulation. Vascular Pharmacol., 38:323-327. |
| 9: | Carbohydrate Utilization and Energy Metabolism |
Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 31 *Paulson, O.B. (2002). Blood-brain barrier, brain metabolism and cerebral blood flow. Eur. Neuropharmacol., 12:494-501. |
| 11: |
Proteins in the Brain Renee Miller: Guest Lecturer |
*Tobin, A.J. (1994) Gene expression in the mammalian nervous system. In. Seigel, et al., Basic Neurochemistry, Fifth Edition, Ch. 24, pp. 493-513; Charney, et al., Ch. 6 Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 26 |
| 16: | Lipids: Multiple Roles |
Siegel, et. al, Sixth Edition, Ch. 2,3 *Haag, M. (2003). Essential fatty acids and the brain |
| 18: | Calcium: Sculptor and Destroyer of Cells | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 23 |
| 23: | Molecular Factors in Neuronal Death and Survival |
Siegel, et. al, Sixth Edition, Ch. 19 and 34, pp.722-728 (Free radicals) *Mattson, M.P. (1998) Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: Roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity. Trends in Neurosci., 21: 53-57. *Leist, M. & Nicotera, P. (1998) Apoptosis, excitotoxicity, and neuropathology. Exp. Cell Research, 289: 183-201. *Beal, M.F. (2000) Energetics in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends in Neuroscience, 23:298-304. |
| 25: | EXAM ONE | |
| PART TWO: Transmitter Neurochemistry: Presynaptic Mechanisms | ||
| 30: | Acetylcholine |
Cooper, et. a l., Ch. 7 Siegel et. al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 10 |
| Oct 2: | Catecholamines |
Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 12 Also, extensive coverage can be found in Cooper, et. al., Chs. 8,9 |
| 7: | Serotonin | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 13 (or Cooper, et al., Ch. 10) |
| 9: | Amino Acids |
Cooper, et al., Ch. 6 Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Chs. 15,16 |
| 14: | Peptides and Transmitter coexistence | Siegel, et al., Sixth Edition, Ch. 18; Cooper, et al., Ch. 11 *Furness, J.B., Morris, J.L., Gibbins, I.L., Costa, M. (1989) Chemical Coding of Neurons and Plurichemical Transmission. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 29:298-306. |
| 16: | Other Messengers | Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Ch.10, pp. 210-211; Ch.17; Ch. 49 |
| 21: | EXAM TWO | |
| PART THREE: Synaptic Neurochemistry: Postsynaptic Mechanisms | ||
| 23: | Receptors: Overview and Recognition Site Identification |
Charney, et al., Ch. 4 Cooper, et al., Ch. 4 |
| 28: | Receptor-Effector Mechanisms: Ligand-gated Ion Channels | Review receptor coverage in Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Chs. 11, 15, 16 |
| 30: | Receptor-Effector Mechanisms: Second Messenger Systems |
Siegel et al., Chs. 20, 21, 22 Review receptor coverage in chapters on various neurotransmitters |
| Nov 4: | Importance of Phosphorylation to Brain Function | Siegel et al, Sixth Edition, Chs. 24, 25 |
| 6: | Nonsynaptic Roles for Neurotransmitters |
*Weiss, E.R., Maness, P., Lauder, J.M. (1998) Why do neurotransmitters act like growth factors? Perspectives on Develop. Neurobiol., 5: 323-336. *Dreyfus, C.F. (1998) Neurotransmitters and neurotrophins collaborate to influence brain development. Perspectives on Develop. Neurobiol., 5, 389-400. *Barker, J.L. et al. (1998) GABAergic cells and signals in CNS development. Perspectives on Develop. Neurobiol., 5, 305-322. |
| 11: | EXAM THREE | |
| PART FOUR: Functional Neurochemistry | ||
| 13: | Neurochemical Aspects of Neuroplasticity |
Charney et al., Ch. 5 Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Ch 50 *Ritchie, K., Lovestone, S. (2002). The dementias. The Lancet, 360:1759-1766. |
| 18: | Neural Mechanisms of Adaptive Responses: Coping with Challenge |
Review, Bear, et al., Neuroscience, Ch. 15, pp. 496-512 (text for NSC 201) *Vermetten, E., Bremner, D. (2002). Circuits and systems in stress. Depression and Anxiety, 15:126-147. *McEwen, B.S. and Magarinos, A.M. (1997). Stress effects on morphology and function of the hippocampus. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 821:271-284. |
| 20: | Neurochemical Aspects of Major Psychiatric Disorders I: Schizophrenia, a disorder of altered connectivity? |
Charney, et al., Chs. 18, 19 Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Ch. 51 |
| 25: | Neurochemical Aspects of Major Psychiatric Disorders II: Mood Disorders, Disorders of Second Messenger Dysfunction? |
Charney, et al., Ch. 26 Siegel, et al., Ch. 52 |
| 27: | Thanksgiving Recess | |
| Dec 2: | Sex-specific aspects of neural function |
*Breedlove, S.M., Cooke, B.M., Jordan, C.L. (1999). The orthodox view of brain sexual differentiation. Brain, Behav. Evol., 54: 8-14. *McCarthy, M.M., Auger, A.P., Perrot-Sinal, T.S. (2002). Getting excited about GABA and sex differences in the brain. Trends in Neurosci., 25: 307-312. |
| 4: | Neurochemical Aspects of Substance Abuse Disorders |
Charney, et al., Chs. 40, 41 Siegel, et al., Sixth Ed., Ch. 53 |
| 9: | Neurochemistry of Motor Functions |
*Pollack, A. (2001). Anatomy, physiology and pharmacology of the basal ganglia. Neurologic Clinics, 19:523-534. *Lozano, A.M. et al. (1998) New developments in understanding the etiology of Parkinson's disease and in its treatment. Curr. Opinion Neurobiol., 8:783-790. *Tobin, A.J., Singer, E.R. (2000). Huntington's Disease: The challenge for cell biologists. Trends in Cell Biology, 10:531-536. |
| 11: |
Video: MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease; Hand out final exam | |
| 18: | Final Take-Home Exam Due by 4:00 pm | |
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Last modified: 8/28/2003
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