Elman, J. L. and McClelland, J. L (1988). Cognitive Penetration of the Mechanisms of Perception: Compensation for coarticulation of lexically restored phonemes., Journal of Memory and Language 27,143-165.

Reading Questions:

1. What is the fundamental role of feedback in speech perception?
2. In an interactive activation model, what is the mechanism that instantiates feedback?
3. Why isn’t the Ganong effect itself evidence for feedback?
4. (optional) Can you think of an alternative explanation that doesn’t involve feedback?

McGurk, H., and J. MacDonald. 1976. Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature 264:746-748.

1. What did McGurk and MacDonald manipulate?
2. What do these results suggest about the question of whether perception is encapsulated or not?